Risk factors for frostbite injury:
(1) malnourishment
(2) debilitated (poor state of health)
(3) not being acclimatized
(4) racial predisposition (blacks)
(5) constrictive clothing or other interference with blood supply to an extremity
(6) previous cold injury to the exposed body part
(7) peripheral vascular disease
(8) Raynaud's disease
(9) cryoglobulinemia or cold agglutinin disease
(10) heavy tobacco use
(11) hypoxemia, including high altitude exposure
(12) peripheral neuropathy, especially diabetic
(13) alcoholism and/or drug use
(14) unconsciousness (head injury, other)
(15) exposed skin (insufficient clothing)
