A number of risk factors may predispose a patient to a urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
Risk Factor
Comment
schistosomiasis of the urinary bladder
squamous cell carcinoma common
chronic urinary tract infections in patients with non-functioning bladders, large bladder stones and/or long-term indwelling catheters
genital HPV infection
squamous cell carcinoma
smoking
diet high in fats and fried meats
cyclophosphamide therapy
occupational exposure to the chemical dye, leather or rubber industries
habitual low fluid intake
concentrated urine increases concentration of irritants and chemicals
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Specialty: Hematology Oncology, Surgery, general, Urology
