Reversible Posterior Encephalopathy (Leukoencephalopathy) Syndrome (PRES) Clinical Features

Gender of the patient

Age of the patient

• severe and/or rapidly progressive hypertension?

• eclampsia of pregnancy?

• current immunosuppressant therapy (cyclosporine, tacrolimus, etc)?

• acute intermittent porphyria?

• headache?

• decreased alertness and/or mental functioning?

• seizures?

• visual loss, including blurred vision, hemianopia, visual neglect or cortical blindness?

• vomiting?

Does MRI show vasogenic edema of the brain, predominantly in the posterior cerebral white matter?

Does the encephalopathy reverse with control of precipitating factor(s)?

Is there another condition (infectious disease, stroke, etc) that can better explain the findings?