Description

Northway et al identified 4 stages in the progression of bronchopulmonary dysplasia based on the changes in the chest X-rays.


Radiographic Appearance

Stage

resembles uncomplicated respiratory distress syndrome (patchy infiltrate with segmental atelectasis, granular appearance)

I

dense parenchymal opacification

II

"bubbly" or spongy appearance

III

chronic lung disease with emphysematous areas and thickened interstitium (fibrosis and hypertrophied peribronchial muscle)

IV

 

Limitations (Edwards):

• The original sequence of progression through 4 stages is rarely seen today due to changes in management and ventilatory support. Stages II and III are infrequent, and the final end-stage has a more homogeneous appearance with less hyperexpansion.

 


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