Subject selection: child 1 to 5 years of age
Outcome: poor developmental attainment (developing unusually slowly), defined as less than 1.5 standard deviation below age-adjusted means on tests
Measure: score on Motor and Social Developmental Scale, revised Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test or Canadian Achievement Tests (mathematics, reading/comprehension)
Risk factors for poor test performance:
(1) male gender for child (odds ratio 1.4 overall, 1.9 for ages 1-3, 0.9 for ages 4-5)
(2) maternal depression (odds ratio 1.6)
(3) low maternal education with less than a high school diploma (odds ratio 1.6)
(4) maternal immigrant status (odds ratio 1.9)
(5) low household income (odds ratio 1.4)
where:
• An immigrant family may be using a foreign language in the home.
