A person restrained in a prone position is at risk for cardiac arrest and sudden death.
Risk factors:
(1) restriction on respiratory excursion by restraint of upper torso
(2) obesity
(3) excited delirium or stimulant drug effect
(4) acute psychosis
(5) agitation
Pathophysiology:
(1) restricted ventilation
(2) decreased venous return
(3) decreased pulmonary perfusion
Investigation may include:
(1) exclusion of other causes
(2) participant and witness statements
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Specialty: Clinical Laboratory
