Lejon et al identified prognostic factors for a patient being treated for late-stage Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis. These can help identify patients who are at risk for treatment failure. The authors are from the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Antwerp, Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale in Kinshasa, Centre de Developmmement Integrale-Bwamanda in Bwamanda (Democratic Republic of Congo), and Faculte de Medecine in Limoges (France).