Prognostic Factors in Rhabdomyosarcoma

Several clinical and laboratory findings are associated with prognosis in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma.

Patients with parameningeal tumors have a uniformly poor prognosis regardless of histopathologic type.

Parameter	Favorable	Intermediate	Unfavorable
age	infants and children	adolescents (?)	adults
location	orbital, genitourinary other than bladder and prostate		head and neck other than orbit, paraspinal, abdomen, biliary tract, retroperitoneum, bladder and prostate, perineum or extremities
size	< 5 cm		> 5 cm
histologic type	embryonal sarcoma, botryoid or spindle cell	embryonal	alveolar (classic and solid variants) or pleomorphic
growth	localized, noninvasive tumor		local tumor invasion, especially parameningeal or paraspinal region, sinuses or skeleton
regional lymph node involvement	none		present
distant metastasis	none		present
resection	complete initial resection		incomplete initial excision or unresectability
DNA ploidy	aneuploid	tetraploid	multiploid, diploid, stem cell changes in relapses
S phase fraction	low		high
other			local recurrence, local recurrence during therapy

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