The presence of certain risk factors was associated with mortality in patients registered in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). These can help identify a patient who may require more aggressive management.
Risk factors:
(1) age
(2) cancer
(3) congestive heart failure
(4) chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)
(5) systolic arterial blood pressure
(6) respiratory rate
(7) right ventricular function on echocardiography
|
Parameter |
Finding |
Points |
|
age |
> 70 years |
1 |
|
|
<= 70 years |
0 |
|
cancer |
absent |
0 |
|
|
present |
1 |
|
congestive heart failure |
absent |
0 |
|
|
present |
1 |
|
COPD |
absent |
0 |
|
|
present |
1 |
|
systolic blood pressure |
>= 90 mm Hg |
0 |
|
|
< 90 mm Hg |
1 |
|
respiratory rate |
< 20 breaths per minute |
1 |
|
|
>= 20 breaths per minute |
0 |
|
right ventricular function |
hypokinesis present |
1 |
|
|
hypokinesis absent |
0 |
|
Risk Factor |
Hazard Ratio |
95% CI |
|
age > 70 years |
1.6 |
1.1 – 2.3 |
|
cancer |
2.3 |
1.5 – 3.5 |
|
congestive heart failure |
2.4 |
1.5 – 3.7 |
|
COPD |
1.8 |
1.2 – 2.7 |
|
systolic BP < 90 mm Hg |
2.9 |
1.7 – 5.0 |
|
respiratory rate < 20 breaths/min |
2.0 |
1.2 – 3.2 |
|
right ventricular hypokinesis |
2.0 |
1.3 – 2.9 |
total score =
= SUM(points for all 7 risk factors)
Interpretation:
• minimum score: 0
• maximum score: 7
• The higher the score the greater the mortality risk.
Specialty: Pulmonology
ICD-10: ,
