Certain clinical and laboratory findings in patients with AML are associated with favorable or unfavorable outcomes.
Factor |
Favorable |
Unfavorable |
age |
< 45 years |
< 2 years; > 60 years |
leukemia onset |
de novo |
preceding myelodysplasia |
CNS involvement |
absent |
present |
WBC count |
< 25,000 per µL |
> 100,000 per µL |
DIC |
absent |
present |
LDH |
normal |
increased |
serum albumin |
normal |
low |
FAB type |
M3, M4Eo |
M5, M6, M7 |
cytogenetics |
t (15;17) inv16 / del (16q) t (8;21) normal |
-5 (monosomy 5) del (5q) t (6,9) -7 (monosomy 7) del (7q) +8 (trisomy 8) 11q23 abnormalities 3q21 abnormalities 3q26 abnormalities > 47 chromosomes complex abnormalities |
cell markers |
CD2 CD19 both CD13 and CD14 negative |
CD13 CD14 CD34 >=2 lymphoid markers |
HLA-DR |
negative |
positive |
Tdt |
absent |
present |
Auer rods |
present |
absent |
in vitro chromogenic assay |
normal growth |
autonomous growth |
in vitro ara-C triphosphate retention |
high |
low |
in vitro labeling index |
high |
low |
bone marrow fibrosis |
absent |
present |
bone marrow pronormoblasts |
rare |
numerous |
bone marrow eosinophils |
present |
absent |
cytoreduction |
rapid |
delayed |
response to chemotherapy |
rapid; single course |
delayed or incomplete; multiple courses required |
associated medical problems (extreme obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal disease) |
absent |
present |
Specialty: Hematology Oncology
ICD-10: ,