A person at risk for suicide or self-harm:
(1) should not have access to a means of self-harm
(2) should be observed or placed in an environment where self-harm is prevented
Causes of self-harm may include:
(1) strangulation
(2) ingestion of toxic chemicals
(3) cutting with glass or sharp object
(4) jumping from a window
(5) overdosing on a medication
Prevention of strangulation may involve elimination of ligature points and ligature material:
(1) A ligature risk (point) is anything that could create a sustainable attachment point for a cord, rope or other material for the purpose of hanging or strangulation. This may include shower rail, coat hook, pipe, radiator, window frame, door handle, etc.
(2) Ligature material may include a belt, sheet, towel, shoelace or electric cord.
It is recommended that the person not have access to personal belongings or things brought in by family/friends since these may contain a source of lethal injury.
CMS requires these steps be taken in psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric units in acute care hospitals. Other healthcare settings may benefit from observing the requirement.