Granholm et al performed a systemic review of predictors for gastrointestinal bleeding in the intensive care unit (ICU). A patient at increased risk for gastrointestinal bleeding may benefit from stress ulcer prophylaxis. The authors are from multiple institutions in Europe, China, Canada and the Unites States.
Patient selection: adult in the intensive care unit
Outcomes: clinically important bleeding (CIB) or overt bleeding from GI tract
Predictors for gastrointestinal bleeding: with relative effect >= 3 and moderate certainty:
(1) coagulopathy (RE 4.8)
(2) chronic liver disease (RE 7.6)
Other predictors for gastrointestinal bleeding:
(1) acute kidney injury (RE 2.4)
(2) male sex (RE 1.2)
(3) shock (RE 2.6)
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