Patient selection: withdrawal of mechanical ventilation associated with terminal status in adults (median age 71 with interquartile range 58 to 80 years).
|
Time from Termination of Mechanical Ventilation
|
Percent Survival
|
|
1 hour
|
45% (55% mortality)
|
|
6 hours
|
25%
|
|
12 hours
|
15%
|
|
24 hours
|
6%
|
|
48 hours
|
< 1%
|
after Figure 2 page 292
Factors associated with shorter survival:
(1) nonwhite race (HR 1.2)
(2) number of organ failures (HR 1.1 per organ failure)
(3) use of vasopressors during the 4 days prior to withdrawal (HR 1.7)
(4) delivery of intravenous fluids during the 4 days prior to withdrawal (HR 1.2)
(5) surgical patient (vs medical, HR 1.3)
(6) younger age (HR 0.95 per decade)
(7) male gender (HR 1.0 vs 0.86 for females)
where:
• The risk for age is given as 0.95 per decade/ The precise age range is vague but the interquartile range is given as 58 to 81 years of age. The baseline HR at 58 years would be 1.0, so the HR should be based on each decade after that age.
Limitations:
• None of the hazard ratios are significantly large.
