The National Institute of Justice for The Netherlands reports the use-of-force continuum (UFC) for the use of force by the police.
Levels of force:
(1) police presence
(2) verbalization
(3) soft techniques
(4) hard techniques
(5) less lethal methods
(6) lethal force (firearm)
Soft techniques:
(1) arm hold
(2) handcuffs
Hard techniques:
(1) neck hold
(2) leg hold
(3) leg cuffs
(4) restraint face down
(5) thoracic pressure
Less lethal methods:
(1) short cane
(2) pepper spray
(3) police dog
In some countries less lethal methods may include projectiles like rubber bullets or the use of tear gas.
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Specialty: Clinical Laboratory
