Poland anomaly (named for the author of the first report in 1841) is a rare congenital anomaly affecting a pectoralis muscle and upper extremity.
The exact cause is uncertain. Some cases are familial while most are sporadic. Some are possibly the result of a teratogenic exposure.
Classic Poland anomaly:
(1) congenital unilateral hypoplasia or aplasia of the pectoralis major muscle
(2) spectrum of ipsilateral upper limb defects
Variations:
(1) upper limb defects contralateral to the absent pectoralis major muscle
(2) hypoplasia of ipsilateral subclavian artery
(3) defect of serratus anterior muscle with winging of the scapula
(4) absence of ipsilateral latissimus dorsi muscle
(5) association with the Mobius syndrome
Spectrum of upper limb defects:
(1) hypoplasia of arm and hand
(2) brachydactyly
(3) finger agenesis
(4) syndactyly
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Specialty: Surgery, orthopedic, Genetics, Pedatrics
