Description

Polonium-210 (210Po) is a radioactive compound that emits alpha particles, eventually becoming lead 206. While alpha particles do not penetrate clothing or skin they can cause serious damage if absorbed following ingestion or other route. The alpha particles can then bombard and damage adjacents cells.


 

Phases of acute polonium poisoning:

(1) prodromal (minutes to days)

(2) latent (hours to 6 weeks)

(3) manifest illness (2 weeks or more)

(4) recovery if the patient survives (months)

 

Findings during the latent phase may include:

(1) nausea and vomiting

(2) diarrhea

(3) anorexia

(4) fever

(5) confusion or nervousness

(6) burning sensation

(7) impaired consciousness

(8) damage to the bone marrow with lymphopenia

 

During the latent phase the patient appears to be improving.

 

Findings during the manifest illness phase may include:

(1) pancytopenia from bone marrow failure

(2) severe diarrhea with electrolyte imbalances

(3) alopecia

(4) coma

 

Late complications may include leukemia and cancer.

 


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