Persons at risk for active disease or reactivation:
(1) age < 5 years of age
(2) HIV-infection
(3) injection drug users (this may stem from HIV-infection)
(4) renal disease, including end-stage renal disease, dialysis patients and renal transplant recipients
(5) patients with silicosis
(6) patients with diabetes mellitus
(7) patient receiving long-term high dose steroids or other immunosuppressive regimens
(8) patient with hematologic cancer (leukemias, myeloproliferative disorder, malignant lymphoma)
(9) malnutrition, or recent unintended weight loss of > 10% of ideal body weight
(10) patients after gastrectomy or jejunoileal bypass
where:
• Haas and Des Prez also mention that children are at risk for progressive disease following a viral infection.
Additional causes for reactivation tuberculosis:
(1) destructive lung process (abscess, cancer, etc.)
(2) surgical manipulation involving tissue with granulomas
(3) trauma involving tissue with granulomas
