Sheldon et al listed a number of pathologic features of urachal neoplasms. These features can help distinguish these tumors from other tumors in the differential diagnosis. The authors are from the University of Minnesota.
Features of a urachal neoplasm:
(1) The tumor is located in the dome of the bladder.
(2) There is a urachal remnant in association with the neoplasm.
(3) There is an absence of cystitis glandularis, cystitis cystica, or other glandular proliferation.
If the tumor is invasive:
(4) It invades the muscularis or deeper tissues with a sharp demarcation between the tumor and the surface epithelium.
(5) It extends to the space of Retzius, anterior abdominal wall and/or umbilicus.
Limitations: Very early or greatly advanced tumors may fail to meet all of the criteria.
Differential diagnosis:
(1) adenocarcinoma arising in the bladder dome
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