Acute kidney injury is common in acute paraquat poisoning.
Laboratory markers:
(1) serum creatinine
(2) serum cystatin C
(3) urinary cystatin C
(4) urinary NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin)
(5) urinary kidney injury molecule-1
(6) urinary albumin
Urinary markers increase 16-24 hours after the ingestion and are sensitive indicators of acute kidney injury.
Elevations of the serum markers can identify acute renal failure. The presence of multi-organ failure is associated with mortality.
