Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with renal cell carcinoma include:
(1) amyloidosis
(2) cachexia
(3) gynecomastia (from HCG secretion)
(4) hypercalcemia (from PTH secretion)
(5) hypercoagulability (including lupus anticoagulant)
(6) hypereosinophilia
(7) hyperglycemia
(8) immune-mediated neurologic dysfunction (cerebellar ataxia, limbic encephalitis, stiff person syndrome, myasthenia gravis, diaphragmatic paralysis, optic neuropathy, etc)
(9) myopathy
(10) nephropathy
(11) polycythemia or anemia
(12) skin lesions (pretibial erysipelas-like erythema, bullous pemphigoid, other)
(13) Stauffer syndrome and/or cholestatic jaundice
(14) thyroiditis
General features of a paraneoplastic disorder:
(1) onset prior to or with the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma
(2) activity correlates with tumor load
(3) no other explanation for the finding
