A patient with hepatocellular carcinoma may experience a number of paraneoplastic syndromes.
Mechanisms:
(1) ectopic hormone and/or protein secretion
(2) metabolic change
(3) other
Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with hepatocellular carcinoma:
(1) erythrocytosis (polycythemia)
(2) hypocalcemia
(3) carcinoid syndrome
(4) hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
(5) polyarthritis
(6) sexual change
(7) diarrhea
(8) Raynaud’s phenomenon
(9) hypoglycemia
(10) hypercholesterolemia
(11) porphyria cutanea tarda
(12) phthiriasis
(13) vitiligo
(14) thrombophlebitis migrans
(15) fever
(16) leukocytosis
(17) cachexia
(18) dermatomyositis
(19) scleroderma
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Specialty: Hematology Oncology, Surgery, general, Gastroenterology
