A patient with phenylketonuria is at risk for osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Basis: deficiency in phenylalanine hydroxylase
The onset of osteopenia occurs at a younger age than for the general population.
Clinical features:
(1) low bone mineral density (BMD)
(2) osteoporotic fracture
Hypothetical risk factors:
(1) low protein intake
(2) low calcium intake
(3) vitamin D deficiency
(4) trace element deficiency
Coakley et al found that compliance with the medical food prescription was the strongest predictor of the Z-score for total BMD.
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Specialty: Surgery, orthopedic
