Noninfectious conditions associated with fever in the ICU:
(1) hematoma or hemorrhage (intracerebral, gastrointestinal, retroperitoneal)
(2) intramuscular (IM) injection
(3) burns
(4) cerebral infarction
(5) seizures
(6) acute myocardial infarction
(7) Dressler syndrome
(8) aortic dissection
(9) pericarditis
(10) pulmonary embolism and/or deep vein thrombosus
(11) chemical pneumonitis (aspiration is listed as a cause but this is chemical at first but often followed by bacterial pneumonia)
(12) fat embolism
(13) acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
(14) pancreatitis
(15) acalculous cholecystitis
(16) inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
(17) ischemic colitis
(18) toxic or autoimmune hepatitis
(19) alcohol or drug withdrawal
(20) hyperthyroidism
(21) malignant hyperthermia
(22) adrenal insufficiency
(23) heat stroke
(24) collagen vascular disease
(25) gout or pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease)
(26) vasculitis
(27) drug fever
(28) neoplasm
Additional causes not listed:
(1) febrile transfusion reaction
(2) environmental causes (see previous section)
