The American Heart Association has listed some of the noncardiac complications that can occur with congenital heart disease.
Patient selection: congenital heart disease
Extracardiac complications may include:
restrictive lung disease
pulmonary hypertension
pulmonary hemorrhage
plastic bronchitis
congestive hepatopathy
cardiac cirrhosis
Fontan-associated liver disease
protein-losing enteropathy
infective endocarditis with septic emboli
pneumonia
immune defects
secondary erythrocytosis
iron deficiency anemia
hyperuricemia/gout
thromboembolism
bleeding (coagulopathy or anticoagulant related)
late effects of low-dose ionizing radiation
hepatocellular carcinoma
neurodevelopmental deficits
anxiety and/or depression
hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
diabetes mellitus
dyslipidemia
osteopenia or osteoporosis
short stature
hypogonadism and difficult pregnancies
obesity and metabolic syndrome
chronic kidney disease
cardiorenal syndrome
hypertension
endothelial dysfunction
aortopathy
peripheral vascular disease
cerebrovascular disease and stroke
