Smith et al described risk categories for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This can help determine the treatment regimen to use. The authors are from the National Cancer Institute (NCI).
Parameters at initial diagnosis:
(1) age of the patient in years
(2) white blood cell count (WBC)
Age in Years
Initial WBC Count
Risk Group
< 1 year
NA
high risk
1 - 9 years
> 50,000 per µL
high risk
1 - 9 years
<= 50,000 per µL
standard risk
>= 10 years of age
NA
high risk
Whitlock et al found that children in the standard risk group had a decreased event-free survival if they:
(1) had Down syndrome
(2) were Asian
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