Fetal exposure to mycophenolate mofetil can result in a congenital embryopathy.
Risk factors:
(1) higher dose
(2) exposure during the first trimester of pregnancy
Facial dysmorphology may include:
(1) microcephaly
(2) ear malformations (microtia, atresia of the external auditory canal)
(3) orofacial clefts
(4) hypertelorism
(5) coloboma
(6) micrognathia
(7) anophthalmia or microphthalmia
Other malformations may include:
(1) cardiac malformations
(2) aortic arch defects
(3) esophageal atresia
(4) short fingers with hypoplastic nails
(5) vertebral defects
(6) diaphragmatic hernia
(7) renal anomalies
(6) central nervous system anomalies (corpus callosum agenesis, other)
