Mueller-Wohlfahrt et al classified athletic muscle injury based on consensus at a conference in Munich. Standard terminology can improved communication. The authors are multiple institutions in Europe, the United States and Australia.
Patient selection: athlete with muscle injury
Major groups:
(1) direct vs indirect injury
(2) status functional vs structural (based on absence or presence of macroscopic injury)
(3) disorder
Injury
Status
Disorder
Type
direct
structural
blunt
contusion
direct
structural
penetrating/sharp
laceration
indirect
functional
overexertion
Type 1
indirect
functional
neuromuscular
Type 2
indirect
structural
partial tear
Type 3
indirect
structural
major tear
Type 4
Subtype
Description
1A
fatigue-induced
1B
delayed-onset muscle soreness
2A
spine-related disorder
2B
muscle related neuromuscular disorder
3A
minor tear
3B
moderate tear
4
aubtotal or complete tear
A comprehensive description with signs. symptoms and imaging findings are given in Table 3.
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