Histologically there is dystrophic calcification in the media of small to medium arteries. There may also be calcifications in internal elastic lamina (IEL).
It may be idiopathic or secondary to:
(1) giant cell arteritis
(2) hyperparathyroidism, including chronic renal failure
(3) advanced age
(4) diabetes mellitus
It is often detected in X-rays, especially dental radiographs. The appearance is referred to "railroad tracks".
It may be asymptomatic or associated with a range of symptoms related to decrease perfusion and increased pulse pressure.
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