Waldron and Witterick used the primary extent of a paranasal sinus (maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal) cancer to predict patient survival. The authors are from Princess Margaret Hospital and the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Sites of local extension:
(1) ethmoid sinus
(2) sphenoid sinus
(3) frontal sinus
(4) maxillary sinus
(5) nasal cavity
(6) nasopharynx
(7) subcutaneous tissue of face
(8) skin
(9) oral cavity
(10) orbit erosion
(11) displacement of orbital contents
(12) pterygoid or infratemporal fossa (posterior to antrum)
(13) intracranial extension
(14) brain
total number of sites showing local extension =
= SUM(number of sites listed above invaded by tumor)
where:
• There are 2 ways to read the score - either the primary sinus involvement is scored or it is not. While I favor the latter based on reading the text, the figure does not show survival with a score of 0 or 1, which would seem to favor the former interpretation.
• I will use the latter interpretation in the implementation but survival prediction with caution.
Number of Sites Involved
2 Year Survival
5 Year Survival
2
60%
60%
3
55%
48%
4
50%
35%
5
45%
35%
6
45%
0%
7
13%
0%
>= 8
0%
0%
read from Figure 12.1, page 169
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