High anion gap metabolic acidosis (HAGMA) may be caused by a number of conditions.
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MUDPILES
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HIGH MARK
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ethylene or propylene glycol
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E (ethylene)
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G
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oxyproline (pyroglutaminc acid)
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O
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L-lactate
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L
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L
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D-lactate
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D
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methanol
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M
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M
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aspirin
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S
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A
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renal failure (uremia)
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U
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R
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ketoacidosis
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D (diabetes)
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K
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paraldehyde, phenformin
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P
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isoniazid, iron
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I
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alcoholic ketoacidosis
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where:
• Lactic acid includes carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning.
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DR MAPLES
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SLUMPED
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ethylene or propylene glycol
|
E (ethylene)
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E
|
|
oxyproline (pyroglutaminc acid)
|
|
|
|
L-lactate
|
L
|
L
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|
D-lactate
|
|
|
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methanol
|
M
|
M
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|
aspirin
|
S (salicylates)
|
S
|
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renal failure (uremia)
|
R
|
U
|
|
ketoacidosis
|
D (diabetes)
|
D (diabetes)
|
|
paraldehyde, phenformin
|
P
|
P
|
|
isoniazid, iron
|
|
|
|
alcoholic ketoacidosis
|
A
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