Millipides (Class Diplopoda) are present worldwide and show a considerable range in size. They tend to be most active at night and favor dark, moist habitats, They produce toxic secretions that are used in defense to disuade predators.
Features: Multiple body segments, each with 2 pairs of legs.
Possible toxins in the secretions include:
(1) benzoquinones
(2) quinonoids
(3) hydrocyanic acid
Modes of toxin release:
(1) direct contact
(2) spraying
Dermal injuries may include:
(1) discoloration of the skin, typically a mahogany hue
(2) chemical burn
Ocular injuries:
(1) periorbital discoloration and edema
(2) keratitis and/or corneal ulcerations
Epidemiologic exposure:
(1) shoes, clothing or linens left outdoors
(2) sleeping outdoors on the ground
(3) playing
It is important not to confuse these lesions with injuries associated with child abuse.
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