Zhang et al proposed the Maxillofacial Injury Severity Score (MFISS) for patients with serious to the maxillofacial area. The authors are from Peking University and University College of London.
Parameters:
(1) 3 highest scores from the AIS-90 for facial injuries (excluding eye and ear)
(2) malocclusion (MO)
(3) limited mouth opening (LMO)
(4) facial deformity (FD)
|
Parameter |
Findings |
Points |
|
malocclusion |
none |
0 |
|
|
affects 1-5 teeth on 1 jaw |
1 |
|
|
affects 6 or more teeth on one jaw |
2 |
|
|
affects teeth on both jaws |
3 |
|
mouth opening |
>= 3.7 cm |
0 |
|
|
2.0 to 3.7 cm |
1 |
|
|
< 2.0 cm |
2 |
|
facial deformity |
none |
0 |
|
|
fracture without displacement OR open soft tissue injury <= 4 cm in length without tissue defect |
1 |
|
|
fracture with displacement OR fracture with bone defect one jaw OR injury to branch of facial nerve OR open soft tissue injury > 4 cm in length OR open soft tissue injury with tissue defect <= 2 square cm |
2 |
|
|
fracture with bone defect in both jaws OR bone defect > half side of single jaw OR injury to facial nerve OR open soft tissue injury > 4 cm in length with tissue defect > 2 square cm |
3 |
where:
• The assumption is that a single facial deformity score is assigned. There are 3 anatomic descriptors (soft tissue injury, facial nerve injury, bone defect) so an alternative approach for the facial defect would be the sum of these.
• Hemorrhage, hematoma and swelling may obscure findings.
• An open soft tissue injury is assumed to be a laceration.
• There are several instances where "<" and ">" are given but no "=". This occurs in malocclusion, laceration length and tissue defect size.
subscore for AIS-90 =
= SUM(points for the 3 highest AIS-90 scores for facial injuries)
subscore for other parameters =
= (points for malocclusion) + (point for limited mouth opening) + (points for facial deformity)
MFISS =
= (subscore for AIS-90) * (subscore for other parameters)
Interpretation:
• minimum MFISS: 0
• maximum MFISS: 80
• The higher the score the greater the maxillofacial injuries.
|
MFISS |
Relative Injury |
|
1 to 10 |
1 |
|
11 to 20 |
2 |
|
21 to 30 |
3 |
|
>= 31 |
4 |
Specialty: Surgery, orthopedic, Emergency Medicine, Critical Care, Surgery, general, Otolaryngology
ICD-10: ,
