Dubois et al reported criteria from an international working group (IWG) for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Preclinical Alzheimer's disease can be diagnosed if certain findings are present. The authors are from multiple institutions in Europe and North America.
Categories of preclinical states of Alzheimer's Disease:
(1) asymptomatic at risk
(2) pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's disease
Criteria for asymptomatic at risk - all of the following:
(1) absence of amnestic syndrome of the hippocampal type
(2) absence of any clinical phenotype of atypical Alzheimer's disease
(3) one of the following pieces of evidence of Alzheimer's pathology:
(3a) decreased amyloid beta(1-42) with increased T-tau or P-tau in the CSF
(3b) increased retention on fibrillar amyloid PET
Criteria for pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's disease - all of the:
(1) absence of amnestic syndrome of the hippocampal type
(2) absence of any clinical phenotype of atypical Alzheimer's disease
(3) proven mutation or gene associated with Alzheimer's disease (autosomal dominant mutation in PSEN1, PSEN2, APP; Trisomy 21)
