Benzer et al reported the Innsbruck Coma Scale for evaluating a patient in coma. This was developed for patients with major trauma. The authors are from Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck and other institutions in Austria.
Patient selection: trauma-associated coma
Parameters:
(1) eye opening
(2) reaction to acoustic stimuli
(3) reaction to pain
(4) body posture
(5) pupil size
(6) pupil response to light
(7) position and movements of the eyeballs
(8) oral automatisms
Parameter
Findings
Points
eye opening
spontaneous
3
to acoustic stimuli
2
to painful stimuli
1
none
0
reaction to acoustic stimuli
turns towards stimuli
3
better-than-extension movements
2
extension movements
1
none
0
reaction to pain
defensive movements
3
better than extension movements
2
extension movements
1
none
0
body posture
normal
3
better-than extension movements
2
extension movements
1
none
0
pupil size
normal
3
narrow
2
dilated
1
completely dilated
0
pupil response to light
sufficient
3
reduced
2
minimum
1
none
0
position and movement of eyeballs
fixing of the eyeballs
3
sway of eyeballs
2
divergent
1
divergent fixed
0
oral automatisms
spontaneous
2
to external stimuli
1
none
0
total score =
= SUM(points for all of the parameters)
Interpretation:
• minimum score: 0
• maximum score: 23
• A score of 0 or 1 was associated with death within 21 days.
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