Cerebrovascular imaging studies: digital subtraction angiography and/or CT angiography
Indications for cerebrovascular imaging studies:
(1) neurological symptoms not explained by traumatic brain injury alone
(2) late-onset exacerbation of clinical symptoms or changes in CT imaging that cannot be explained by primary injury alone
(3) thick, diffuse subarachnoid hemorrhage
(4) severe localized subarachnoid hemorrhage
(5) subdural hematoma
(6) injury to the cervical spine
(7) basilar skull fracture
(8) orbitofacial injury (fracture of facial bones or orbit)
(9) severe, untreatable bleeding from the mouth, nose or ears
(10) penetrating mechanism
(11) cerebral contusion
