A patient with neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis = inflammation of the cecum) can often be treated by aggressive medical management. Occasionally a patient may require surgery.
Indications for surgery:
(1) progressive clinical deterioration despite aggressive medical management
(2) persistent gastrointestinal bleeding despite correction of coagulation factor deficiencies and thrombocytopenia
(3) uncontrolled sepsis with shock
(4) acute abdomen
(5) perforation with free intraperitoneal air
(6) pneumatosis intestinalis
(7) bowel obstruction
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