A staging system for testicular tumors was developed at Indiana University. It has been used in males with seminomas or nonseminomatous germ cell tumor. It can help separate patients into extent of disease prior to therapy.
Groups:
(1) minimal disease (Stages 1 to 4)
(2) moderate disease (Stages 5 and 6)
(3) advanced disease (Stages 7 to 9)
Serum markers:
(1) beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
(2) alpha fetoprotein (AFP)
|
Clinical Findings |
Stage |
|
elevated serum markers only |
1 |
|
cervical nodes, with or without nonpalpable retroperitoneal nodes |
2 |
|
nonpalpable retroperitoneal disease that is unresectable |
3 |
|
minimal pulmonary metastases, with or without nonpalpable retroperitoneal nodes |
4 |
|
palpable abdominal mass (>= 10 cm) only |
5 |
|
moderate pulmonary metastases, with or without nonpalpable retroperitoneal nodes |
6 |
|
advanced pulmonary metastases, with or without nonpalpable retroperitoneal nodes |
7 |
|
palpable abdominal mass (>= 10 cm) and pulmonary metastases |
8 |
|
hepatic, osseous, or CNS metastases |
9 |
|
Pulmonary Involvement |
Extent of Metastases |
|
< 5 metastases per lung field with largest < 2 cm |
minimal |
|
5 to 10 metastases per lung field with largest < 3 cm, OR mediastinal mass < 50% of intrathoracic diameter, OR solitary pulmonary metastasis > 2 cm |
moderate |
|
> 10 metastases per lung field, OR mediastinal mass >= 50% of intrathoracic diameter, OR multiple pulmonary metastasis with largest > 3 cm |
advanced |
where:
• Prow separates Stage 8 into 8.1, 8.2 and 8.3 depending on whether the pulmonary involvement is minimal, moderate or advanced.
• The system infers a Stage 0, when none of the findings are present.
Specialty: Hematology Oncology, Surgery, general, Urology
ICD-10: ,
