A heart valve prosthesis can be identified by examining its different components.
Heart Valve Prostheses in North America in 1974
Model |
Manufacturer |
Valve |
---|---|---|
1200 |
Starr-Edwards Lab. |
aortic |
1260 |
Starr-Edwards Lab. |
aortic |
2320 |
Starr-Edwards Lab. |
aortic |
2400 |
Starr-Edwards Lab. |
aortic |
6120 |
Starr-Edwards Lab. |
tricuspid, mitral |
6320 |
Starr-Edwards Lab. |
tricuspid, mitral |
6400 |
Starr-Edwards Lab. |
tricuspid, mitral |
6520 |
Starr-Edwards Lab. |
tricuspid, mitral |
Beall (104) |
Surgitool Inc |
tricuspid, mitral |
Beall-Surgitool (105) |
Surgitool Inc |
tricuspid, mitral |
Bjork-Shiley |
Shiley Laboratories |
tricuspid, mitral, aortic |
Braunwald-Cutter |
Cutter Laboratories |
tricuspid, mitral, aortic |
Cooley-Cutter |
Cutter Laboratories |
mitral |
Cross-Jones |
Pemco Inc |
mitral, aortic |
Debakey-Surgitool |
Surgitool Inc |
aortic |
Harken Ball |
Surgitool Inc |
aortic |
Harken Disk |
Surgitool Inc |
mitral |
Kay-Shiley |
Shiley Laboratories |
tricuspid, mitral |
Lillehei-Kaster |
Medical Inc |
mitral, aortic |
McGoven-Cromie |
Surgitool Inc |
aortic |
Smeloff-Cutter |
Cutter Laboratories |
tricuspid, mitral, aortic |
Surgitool Series 200 |
Surgitool Inc |
aortic |
Prostheses with Ball Occluder
|
|
Observation |
|
---|---|---|---|
1 |
a |
cage of prostheses open |
go to 2 |
|
b |
cage closed |
go to 4 |
2 |
a |
single open cage |
go to 3 |
|
b |
double cage with 3 long struts projecting from one surface of the inner ring and 3 separate shorter struts projecting from the other surface; struts of naked metal (titanium); convex metal inner ring; large valve orifice occluded by a plastic poppet of silicone rubber; poppet seats at the equator |
Smeloff-Cutter |
3 |
a |
single open cage has 3 naked metal struts; struts made of titanium; tiny retractable noncutting curved surgical needles project radially from the outer rim of the sewing ring; inner ring of metal; plastic poppet of silicone rubber |
McGovern-Cromie |
|
b |
single cage has 3 metal struts; struts are cloth covered; metal inner ring covered by polypropylene mesh; plastic poppet of silicone rubber; poppet seats proximal to its equator |
Braunwald-Cutter |
4 |
a |
no "feet" in valve orifice opposite cage |
go to 5 |
|
b |
3 small triangular metal feet project into valve orifice on surface opposite cage; metal feet of Stellite 21; wide metal inner ring; plastic poppet of silicone rubber; poppet seats proximal to its equator |
Starr-Edwards 1000 |
5 |
a |
struts of cage naked metal |
go to 6 |
|
b |
struts of cage cloth covered |
go to 9 |
6 |
a |
3 struts to cage |
go to 7 |
|
b |
4 struts to cage |
go to 8 |
7 |
a |
metal inner ring extends as a lip onto the inflow surface of the sewing ring opposite the cage; plastic poppet of silicone rubber; poppet seats proximal to its equator |
Starr-Edwards 1200 |
|
b |
metal inner ring does not extend onto inflow surface of sewing ring; plastic poppet seats proximal to its equator |
Starr-Edwards 1260 |
|
c |
wide black plastic inner ring of polypropylene; black poppet coated with pyrolytic carbon; poppet seats proximal to its equator |
Debakey-Surgitool |
8 |
a |
metal inner ring extends as a lip onto the inflow surface of the sewing ring opposite the cage; plastic poppet seats proximal to its equator |
Starr-Edwards 6000 |
|
b |
metal inner ring does not extend into inflow surfaces; plastic poppet seats proximal to its equator |
Starr-Edwards 6120 |
9 |
a |
3 struts to cage |
go to 10 |
|
b |
4 struts to cage |
go to 13 |
10 |
a |
cloth covered inner ring |
go to 11 |
|
b |
composite inner ring with tiny metal squares or studs projecting through cloth covering ring |
go to 12 |
|
c |
plastic inner ring of polyethylene; silver metal poppet of hollow titanium; seats proximal to its equator |
Harken |
11 |
a |
cloth covered metal bars of cage welded together at the apex; silver metal poppet of titanium; poppet easily "popped" out of cage |
Surgitool 200 |
|
b |
cloth covered metal bars of cage not welded together at the apex; silver metal poppet (Stellite 21); poppet "popped" out of cage only with difficulty and use of considerable pressure |
Starr-Edwards 2300 |
12 |
a |
struts diverge slightly towards apex; silver metal poppet |
Starr-Edwards 2320 |
|
b |
struts do not diverge towards apex; silver metal poppet |
Starr-Edwards 2310 |
|
c |
composite struts with metal track on inner side of each; silver metal poppet |
Starr-Edwards 2400 |
13 |
a |
composite inner ring with tiny metal squares projecting through cloth covered ring |
go to 14 |
|
b |
cloth covered inner sewing ring; silver metal poppet |
Starr-Edwards 6300 |
14 |
a |
struts diverge slightly towards apex; silver metal poppet seats close to equator |
Starr-Edwards 6320 |
|
b |
struts do not diverge towards apex; silver metal poppet seats close to equator |
Starr-Edwards 6310 |
|
c |
composite struts with metal track in inner aspect of each; silver metal poppet |
Starr-Edwards 6400 |
where:
• The following Starr-Edwards may be hard to distinguish from each other: 2310 vs 2320; 6310 vs 6320.
A flow diagram for the disk valves is given in Figure 24, page 135, Silver (1975)
Prostheses with Disc Occluder
|
|
Observation |
|
---|---|---|---|
1 |
a |
struts of cage project vertically from sewing ring |
go to 2 |
|
b |
struts project from sewing ring at an angle other than right angle |
go to 7 |
|
c |
struts or feet project horizontally into valve lumen |
go to 8 |
2 |
a |
cage open |
go to 3 |
|
b |
cage closed |
go to 4 |
3 |
a |
4 naked metal struts bent at right angles across the valve orifice but do not meet; struts made of titanium; 4 metal feet project across orifice on surface opposite cage; sewing cuff has eccentric outline; wide convex metal inner ring; black poppet made of pyrolytic carbon; poppet seats at its equator in valve orifice but does not completely fill it |
Cooley-Cutter |
|
b |
3 naked metal struts in triangular configuration bent at right angles across valve orifice; struts made of titanium; no feet in orifice; inner ring of metal extends to sewing ring; inner ring may have cloth covering; plastic poppet seats on valve orifice; poppet has metal ring in substance and has a size number stamped in its center |
Cross-Jones |
4 |
a |
cage closed by 4 struts meeting at its apex |
go to 5 |
|
b |
cage closed by 4 struts forming 2 metal bars at apex of cage; cloth-covered inner ring |
|
|
b1 |
at apex, bars bend inwards slightly over lumen; cloth covered inner ring covered with white plastic; disk made of Teflon; disk seats over valve orifice |
Beall 104 |
|
b2 |
bars parallel; struts, bars and disk coated with pyrolytic carbon; disk seats over valve orifice |
Beall-Surgitool 105 |
|
b3 |
parallel bars of naked metal; disk made of silicone rubber and is semi-translucent; disk seats over valve orifice; metal inner ring of varying width; may have clothe covered metal "muscle guards" partially encircling the circumference of the prosthesis; valves with metal guards may have cloth covering inner ring |
Kay-Shiley |
5 |
a |
metal inner ring |
go to 6 |
|
b |
cloth covered inner ring |
|
|
b1 |
4 naked metal struts of titanium; plastic disk of silicone rubber; seats over valve orifice; may have a turtle-neck vertical sewing cuff |
Harken |
|
b2 |
4 naked metal struts; metal disk made of Stellite; disk seats over valve orifice |
Starr-Edwards 6500 |
6 |
a |
4 flattened metal struts; struts made of Stellite; inner metal ring extends onto outflow surface of sewing ring; semitranslucent plastic disk made of polypropylene with inner metal ring made of titanium |
Starr-Edwards 6520 |
|
b |
4 naked metal struts; struts made of titanium; 4 metal feet project from inner ring into valve orifice opposite cage; plastic poppet made of silicone rubber |
Kay-Suzuki |
7 |
|
2 naked metal struts of titanium; struts thicker at base than along the free margin; struts project from sewing ring at an angle < 90°; struts form an open cage; 3 tiny metal feet project into the valve orifice from inner ring on surface opposite the cage; 2 of the feet act as hinges and the third as disk stopper; metal inner ring; black disk of pyrolytic carbon; disk seats in prosthesis lumen at its equator |
Lillehei-Kaster |
8 |
a |
no obvious cage; 2 small metal feet project horizontally into valve orifice producing hinge upon which disk pivots; metal inner ring extends as lip onto inflow and outflow surfaces; inner ring is made of titanium; plastic disk is made of polyethylene and shows Z-shape in profile; disk occludes orifice by part of disk seating on both surfaces |
Wada-Cutter |
|
b |
2 curved and roughly "U"-shaped naked metal struts project horizontally from inner metal ring into valve lumen; struts made of titanium; disk either black (pyrolytic carbon) or white (Delrin); disk pivots on the struts; disk may have a shallow well on one side and at its center; configuration of sewing cuff varies with insertion site |
Bjork-Shiley |
A flow diagram for the disk valves is given in Figure 25, page 138, Silver (1975)
Specialty: Cardiology
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