Features of hyperemesis gravidarum:
(1) severe and persistent nausea and vomiting
(2) weight loss (greater than 5% of prepregnancy weight)
(3) moderate to severe dehydration
(4) electrolyte and acid base disturbances (hypochloremia, hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis)
(5) ketonuria
Differential diagnosis:
(1) normal levels of emesis
(2) bowel obstruction
(3) acute viral infections with gastrointestinal manifestations
(4) diabetic ketoacidosis
(5) urinary tract infection
Complications:
(1) malnutrition
(2) vitamin deficiencies, especially thiamine
(3) refeeding syndrome during nutritional repletion
