Features of a human stampede:
(1) The presence of a mass gathering of people, often in a stadium or theater.
(2) The presence of one or more restrictions on movement that cannot handle a large efflux of people.
(3) A sudden event of real or perceived danger (fire, smoke, wild animal, enemy soldiers, etc).
(4) Everyone suddenly tries to move in one or a few directions at the same time.
Hazards:
(1) crush injury (fracture, rhabdomyolysis, etc)
(2) asphyxia from crowd pressure (“crowd crush”)
(3) trampling underfoot
(4) trauma as a result of trying to escape the crowd (jumping, etc)
(5) structural collapse (bridge, building, etc) with drowning, etc.
(6) complications of triggering event (burns, smoke inhalation, etc)
(7) post-traumatic stress disorder and survivor guilt
