Hannover Fracture Scale '98 (HFS '98)

extent of bone loss

none

0

0.1 to 1.9 cm

1

>= 2.0 cm

2

skin injury

none

0

1 - 24% of circumference

1

25 - 50% of circumference

2

51 - 75% of circumference

3

76 - 100% of circumference

4

muscle injury

none

0

1 - 24% of circumference

1

25 - 50% of circumference

2

51 - 75% of circumference

3

76 - 100% of circumference

4

wound contamination

none

0

partial

1

massive

2

deperiostation

no

0

yes

1

local circulation

normal

0

capillary pulse

1

ischemia < 4 hours

2

ischemia 4 to 8 hours

3

ischemia > 8 hours

4

systolic blood pressure

constantly > 100 mm Hg

0

< 100 until admission

1

< 100 until surgery

2

constantly < 100 mm Hg

3

palmar-plantar sensibility

yes

0

no

1

finger-toe active motion

yes

0

no

1