Forrest et al developed a grading scheme for evaluating the endoscopic appearance of a bleeding site in a patient with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The original scale has been refined over time.
Patient selection: upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Outcome: endoscopic appearance
Parameters relative to bleeding site:
(1) active bleeding
(2) other features
Active Bleeding
Other Features
Grade
arterial bleeding with spurting
NA
Ia
oozing hemorrhage
Ib
none
visible vessel stump
IIa
clot on lesion
IIb
flat pigmented spot
IIc
clean base
III
The risk of hemorrhage decreases from Ia to III.
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Specialty: Gastroenterology
