Lewis et al reported a grading scale for intraoperative bleeding relevant to the use of hemostatic agents. The authors are from Baxter Healthcare Corporation, BioMedCom Partners, Moffitt Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic and the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston.
Patient selection: intraoperative
Parameters:
(1) vessel involved
(2) visual presentation
(3) rate of blood loss in mL per minute
Vessel Involved
Visual Presentation
Rate of Blood Loss
Description
Grade
none
none
<= 1.0
none
0
capillary
oozing
1.1 to 5.0
mild
1
small arteriole or vein
continuous flow
5.1 to 10.0
moderate
2
non-major artery or vein
controllable spurting or overwhelming flow
10.1 to 50.0
severe
3
major (central) artery or vein
spurting or gushing, may be inaccessible or unidentified
> 50
life-threatening
4
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