Duarte et al reported the GOAL questionnaire as a simple screen for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The authors are from multiple institutions in Brazil, Portugal and the United States.
GOAL is an acronym for gender, obesity, age and loud snoring.
Parameters:
(1) gender (G)
(2) obesity (O), based on body mass index (BMI)
(3) age (A)
(4) loud snoring (L)
Parameter
Finding
Points
gender
female
0
male
1
obesity
no (BMI < 30)
0
yes (BMI >= 30)
1
age
< 50 years of age
0
>= 50 years of age
1
loud snoring
no
0
yes
1
where:
• Additional models used neck circumference (>= 40 cm), observed apnea, and hypertension.
total score =
= SUM(points for all of the parameters)
Interpretation:
• minimum score: 0
• maximum score: 4
• A score >= 2 is associated with a high risk for obstructive sleep apnea.
Performance:
• The area under the ROC curve is 0.77.
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