Cederholm et al reported the GLIM criteria for malnutrition. The authors are from multiple institutions from around the world participating in the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM).
Diagnostic categories of malnutrition:
(1) chronic disease with inflammation
(2) chronic disease with no or minimal inflammation
(3) acute disease or injury with severe inflammation
(4) starvation
Etiologic measures:
(1) reduced foot intake (<= 50% of energy requirements for > 1 week or any reduction > 2 weeks
(2) reduced food assimilation (any chronic GI condition affecting food assimilation or absorption)
(3) acute or chronic disease with or without inflammation
Phenotypic measures:
(1) weight loss in percent
(2) low body mass index (BMI) in kilograms per square meter
(3) reduced muscle mass (by a validated assessment method such as DXA or BIA)
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Phenotypic Measure
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Stage 1 (Moderate Malnutrition)
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Stage 2 (Severe Malnutrition)
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weight loss in percent
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5-10% in past 6 months; 10-20% beyond 6 months
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> 10% in past 6 months; > 20% beyond 6 months
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low BMI
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< 20 if age < 70 years; < 22 if age >= 70 years
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< 18.5 if age < 70 years; < 20 if age >= 70 years
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reduced muscle mass
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mild to moderate
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severe
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where:
• The weight loss criteria jump significantly between 6 and 7 months.
The diagnosis of malnutrition requires:
(1) at least 1 phenotypic criterion
(2) at least 1 etiologic criterion
The severity of the malnutrition is based on >= 1 phenotypic marker being met.
