Description

Yu et al reported the GIFT (Grade for Interpretable Field Triage) score for prehospital assessment of a trauma patient. This can identify a patient at increased risk for death in the Emergency Department. The authors are from multiple institutions in South Korea, Singapore, the United States, and Japan.


Patient selection: field assessment of trauma patient

 

Parameters:

(1) heart rate in beats per minute

(2) systolic blood pressure in mm Hg

(3) SpO2 in percent

(4) Glasgow coma scale (GCS)

(5) fluid resuscitation

(6) trauma location

(7) mechanism of injury

 

Parameter

Finding

Points

heart rate

< 60 beats per minute

24

 

60 to 119 beats per minute

0

 

>= 120 beats per minute

7

systolic blood pressure

< 79 mm Hg

2

 

>= 80 mm Hg

0

SpO2

>= 95%

0

 

90 to 94%

10

 

< 90%

19

GCS

15

0

 

3 to 14

31

fluid resuscitation

no

0

 

yes

7

trauma location

thorax

14

 

other

0

mechanism of injury

fall

2

 

other

0

 

total score =

= SUM(points for all of the parameters)

 

Interpretation:

• minimum score: 0

• maximum score: 99

• The risk of mortality was less than 1% for scores less than 30, then starts to rise sharply.

 

risk of mortality =

= (0.03537 * ((score)^2)) - (2.741 * (score)) + 54.96

 

where:

• This score will underestimate risk 1-2% over range 35 to 55.

 

Performance:

• The area under the ROC curve is 0.94 in internal and 0.76 to 0.85 in external validation.


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