Ethylene oxide is widely used chemical that is a hazardous substance that can burn or explode.
Risk factors for ignition:
(1) heating
(2) exposure to water
(3) exposure to a catalyst or contaminant that promotes violent self-polymerization (metal oxides, metal chlorides. strong acid, strong base)
(4) high oxygen levels
(5) poor ventilation
(6) ignition source
(7) presence of an oxidizing agent
Ethylene oxide is often shipped as a liquid. If this leaks into a confined space then it may explode if an ignition source is present.
The vapor is heavier than air so concentrations are closer to the ground. It can accumulate unless the area is ventilated.
Once burning the ethylene oxide can continue to burn in an inert atmosphere or in water.
Fire can be extinguished with water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide or alcohol-resistant foam. Fire suppression with water requires large dilution (22 fold or greater). Water can also cool containers to reduce the risk of explosion.
Incomplete combustion can result in formation of carbon monoxide.
