Computed tomography of the chest can be helpful in the diagnosis of a patient with inhalational anthrax, especially those presenting with flu-like symptoms. Rapid identification of these patients allows for prompt initiation of therapy, which can reduce morbidity and mortality.
Findings on CT scan seen in patients with inhalation anthrax:
(1) markedly enlarged hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes which are hyperdense (from hemorrhagic lymphadenitis)
(2) mediastinal edema
(3) large pleural effusions (hemorrhagic on drainage)
(4) pulmonary infiltrates, which may be associated with a necrotizing pneumonia
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