Familial Hemiplegic Migraine (FHM) is a rare type of migraine associated with genetic defects in ion-transporting proteins.
Clinical features:
(1) familial occurrence with autosomal dominant inheritance
(2) migraine with aura
(3) transient motor weakness and/or other aura symptoms
While neurological findings are often reversible over weeks or months, permanent neurologic deficits can occur.
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Type
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Gene Mutated (Chromosome)
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Protein Affected
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FHM1
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CACNA1A (19p13)
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pore-forming alpha1 subunit of the neuronal calcium channel Cav2.1
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FHM2
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ATP1A2 (1q23.2)
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alpha-2 subumit of the glial Na/K ATPase
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FHM3
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SCN1A (2q24.3)
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pore-forming alpha subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.1
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