Polar bear (Ursus maritimus) attacks on humans are rare but can be deadly. Certain measures can be taken to reduce the human risk of an attack. The authors are from Longyearbyen Hospital in Norway.
Fatal attacks are usually predatory and involve bites to the head and neck.
Measures that can be taken to avoid human injury from a polar bear:
(1) do not have attractants (garbage, food) around
(2) be alert
(3) use appropriate bear repellants
(4) carry an appropriate firearm (rifle, shotgun) that is loaded
(5) become experienced in dealing with polar bears and handling firearms
Additional measures not mentioned:
(1) dogs can serve as an alarm of an approaching animal
(2) having a secure refuge
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